Emil Fischer：修订间差异

 

 

In 1875 [[von Baeyer]] was asked to succeed [[Liebig]] at the [[University of Munich]] and Fischer went there with him to become an assistant in [[organic chemistry]].

 

In 1885 he was asked to become Professor of Chemistry at the [[University of Würzburg]] and here he remained until 1892, when he was asked to succeed A. W. Hofmann in the Chair of Chemistry at the [[University of Berlin]]. Here he remained until his death in 1919.

 

Fischer's early discovery of [[phenylhydrazine]] and its influence on his later work have already been mentioned. While he was at Munich, Fischer continued to work on the [[hydrazine]]s and, working there with his cousin Otto Fischer, who had followed him to Munich, he and Otto worked out a new theory of the constitution of the dyes derived from [[triphenylmethane]], proving this by experimental work to be correct.

 

Fischer is noted for his work on sugars among other work the [[organic synthesis]] of (+) glucose<ref>{{cite journal | title = Synthese des Traubenzuckers | pages = 799–805 | first = Emil | last = Fischer | doi = 10.1002/cber.189002301126 | journal = Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft | year = 1890 | volume = 23}}</ref> and purines (including the first synthesis of [[caffeine]]).

 

At the age of 18, before he went to the University of Bonn, Fischer suffered from [[gastritis]], which attacked him again towards the end of his tenure of the Chair at Erlangen and caused him to refuse a tempting offer to follow [[Victor Meyer]] at the Federal Technical University at Zurich and to take a year's leave of absence before he went, in 1888, to Würzburg.

Throughout his life he was well served by his excellent [[memory]], which enabled him, although he was not a naturally good speaker, to memorize manuscripts of lectures that he had written.

In 1888 Fischer married Agnes Gerlach, daughter of [[Joseph von Gerlach]], Professor of Anatomy at Erlangen. His wife died seven years after their marriage. They had three sons, one of whom was killed in [[World War I]]; another committed suicide at the age of 25 as a result of [[compulsory military training]]. In 1919 in Berlin, Fischer, like his son, committed suicide.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sachi |first1=Sri Kantha |year=2000 |title=Suicide: a Socratic revenge |journal=Ceylon Medical Journal |issue=45 |pages=25–28 |url=http://www.cmj.slma.lk/cmj4501/25.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Emil Fischer | url=http://www.nndb.com/people/703/000091430/ | work=The Notable Names Database| year=2008 | accessdate=2008-09-18}}</ref> The oldest son,<ref>Poster next to bust of Fischer, Biosciences Library, UC Berkeley</ref> Hermann Otto Laurenz Fischer, was Professor of Biochemistry in the [[University of California at Berkeley]] from 1948 until his death in 1960.

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[[ar:هيرمان إميل فيشر]]

[[ja:エミール・フィッシャー]]

[[ka:ემილ ფიშერი]]

[[ko:헤르만 에밀 피셔]]

[[la:Arminius Aemilius Fischer]]